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If a patient bleeds while on warfarin physicians can consider using volume support, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), or prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC), as needed. The Figure lists the factors that relate to use of these 2 principal alternatives to vitamin K for reversing an over-dose of warfarin, [33] but the most important factor may be that vitamin K is much less expensive. A further consideration is that at present we do not know the optimal dose of FFP or PCC required to treat patients who bleed while on warfarin.
Reiffel JA. Am J Med 2013; 126: 00-00.
[33] Makris M, Watson HG. The management of coumarin-induced over-anticoagulation. Br J Haematol. 2001;114:271-280.