FIG. 48: The left panel in this Figure shows the Kaplan-Meier plot of the primary outcome, admission-free survival (HOT in orange, HOT plus home NIV in blue).[1] There is an early separation of the Kaplan-Meier plot, which levels off to a persistent effect toward the end of the trial.

There are high levels of readmission and death as the primary outcome, similar in both groups, but with a significant prolongation of admission-free survival with a median survival time, or median time to either death or readmission, in the HOT arm at 1.4 months extended to 4.3 months with the addition of home NIV. This extension is both highly statistically significant, with a powerful clinical effect, with an unadjusted hazard ratio of 0.54 and an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.49. This translates to approximately 6 patients who need to be treated with home NIV to prevent 1 readmission or death over the 12 months of follow-up in the study.