This Figure is the first of 2 summarizing the points in this presentation. First, long-term NIV is able to treat chronic hypercapnia in patients with COPD. The treatment of chronic hypercapnia is associated with improvement in quality of life and long-term survival. COPD patients with a waking PCO₂ >50–52 mmHg, or an overnight PaCO₂ >55 mmHg, or both, who are symptomatic and compliant with other therapies, should be eligible for NIV.