Luckily, there has been a prospective multicenter trial from the UK investigating NIV after acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to COPD, the HOT-HMV (Home Oxygen Therapy-Home Mechanical Ventilation) trial, in patients randomized due to prolonged hypercapnia 14–21 days after the index event.^[20] Patients were randomized to receive either HMV or standard treatment, and the results of this study are reported and reviewed by my colleagues in this multimedia publication