FIG. 22:  The negative prognostic outlook for carcinoma in situ has been documented in a many studies of patients with T1 bladder cancer.  One of these was the EORTC risk group tables from the group of Sylvester et al,^[27] which showed that patients with T1 high-grade bladder cancers who have CIS have a 5-year progression rate of >45%.

The limitations of the studies were that they were based on old series with no re-TUR and no BCG, or only in a subgroup.  Nevertheless, CIS does consistently confer a worse prognosis in patients with T1 bladder cancer.